Page 126 - DGH_Annual_Report

126 INDIA'S HYDROCARBON OUTLOOK 2024-2025

7.1.5 Oil Sands (Tar Sands): 7.2 Unconventional hydrocarbons for
energy security Energy Security
Oil shales consist of a mixture of shales, sands,
water, clay, and bitumen, a heavy viscous form 7.2.1 Energy Security
of crude oil. It is genetically immature source
rocks formed due to failed process of petroleum India is transitioning towards a gas-based
generation. economy, aiming to increase the share of
natural gas to 15% in its energy mix by 2030. In
Oil is extracted by surface mining and in-situ this context, the contribution of unconventional
techniques, such as steam-assisted gravity hydrocarbons is crucial to achieving this goal.
drainage. Oil shales are a significant source
of heavy oil, but their development raises • Coal Bed Methane (CBM):
environmental concerns due to greenhouse gas
emissions and land disturbance. India has established CBM in-place with
commercially producing deposits.
The development of these resources can
substantially augment domestic gas supplies.

Table 7.1: State-wise distribution of CBM Resources in India

No. STATE Estimated CBM Estimated CBM GIIP
resources (in BCM) resources (in TCF) (in TCF)
1 Jharkhand 722.08 25.5 1.88
2 Rajasthan 359.62 12.7 0
3 Gujarat 351.13 12.4 0

4 Odisha 243.52 8.6 0
5 Chhattisgarh 240.69 8.5 0
6 Madhya Pradesh 218.04 7.7 3.65
7 West Bengal 218.04 7.7 6.56
8 Tamil Nadu 104.77 3.7 0

9 Telangana & Andhra Pradesh 99.11 3.5 0
10 Maharashtra 33.98 1.2 0
11 Northeast 8.50 0.3 0
Total CBM Resource 2599.48 91.8 12.09

*Conversion factor: 1 cubic metre = 35.3147 cubic feet
The development of these resources can Krishna-Godavari (KG), and Cauvery. Later in
substantially augment domestic gas supplies. By 2014, it estimated a technically recoverable
tapping into its CBM reserves, India can ensure volume of 62 million barrels of shale oil in
a more stable and secure supply of natural gas, Cambay Basin alone.
which is critical for power generation, industrial
use, and residential consumption. 2. In 2013, the National Oil Company, ONGC
estimated Shale Gas resources of 187.5 TCF
Shale Gas and Shale Oil: from 5 sedimentary basins: Cambay, KG,
Cauvery, Ganga, and Assam.
A preliminary resource assessment of Shale gas/
oil was carried out by three different agencies. 3. CMPDI in July 2013 had estimated around
45.8 TCF in the Gondwana basin.
1. In 2011, the United States Geological Survey
(USGS) estimated the technically recoverable It has been envisaged that shale gas
Shale gas/oil as 6.1 TCF for 3 basins: Cambay, and oil exploration in basins/sub-basins